The blockchain is a novel distributed infrastructure and computation paradigm.The ordered chain structure is used to store data and a consensus algorithm is used to modify data and cryptography to ensure the data security.In the transactions based on the blockchain,it is the necessary to ensure the data security and protect the clients’ privacy.Thus,the cryptography is widely used in the blockchain.Based on the infrastructure of the blockchain,combining with the generation and the transaction of BitCoin,zerocash,Monero,et al.,some cryptography techniques,such as hash function,Merkle hash tree,digital signature,zero knowledge proof, and multi party computation,are described.Their applications in the blockchain are given. |